visual3d:documentation:modeling:marker_sets:marker_set_guidelines
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
| visual3d:documentation:modeling:marker_sets:marker_set_guidelines [2024/07/16 19:26] – created sgranger | visual3d:documentation:modeling:marker_sets:marker_set_guidelines [2024/08/26 15:44] (current) – wikisysop | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| - | ====== | + | ====== |
| The following image displays a frontal image of a conservative full body marker set, but there are many reasons why it might be necessary to modify this marker set. This topic provides a set of possibilities. | The following image displays a frontal image of a conservative full body marker set, but there are many reasons why it might be necessary to modify this marker set. This topic provides a set of possibilities. | ||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
| In most cases, there are more than one common definition of a segment, so we have mentioned multiple possibilities. | In most cases, there are more than one common definition of a segment, so we have mentioned multiple possibilities. | ||
| - | {{Blue_and_green_markers.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| - | === Marker Naming Convention === | + | ===== Marker Naming Convention |
| Marker names are derived from: | Marker names are derived from: | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| [[Visual3D: | [[Visual3D: | ||
| - | === Marker Color Convention === | + | ===== Marker Color Convention |
| The different colored circles relate to the different roles of the markers. | The different colored circles relate to the different roles of the markers. | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| - | === Pelvis Segment === | + | ===== Pelvis Segment |
| - | == Visual3D Pelvis == | + | ==== Visual3D Pelvis |
| - | {{Pelvis_segment_markers2.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | ||
| RICT, LICT= Ilium Crest Tubercle (Iliac Crest) < | RICT, LICT= Ilium Crest Tubercle (Iliac Crest) < | ||
| RIPS , LIPS= Ilium Posterior Superior (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | RIPS , LIPS= Ilium Posterior Superior (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | ||
| - | == Coda_Pelvis == | + | ==== Coda_Pelvis |
| - | {{Pelvis_segment_markers4.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RIAS , LIAS= Ilium Anterior Superior (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | RIAS , LIAS= Ilium Anterior Superior (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | ||
| RIPS , LIPS= Ilium Posterior Superior (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | RIPS , LIPS= Ilium Posterior Superior (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | ||
| - | == Helen Hayes Pelvis == | + | ==== Helen Hayes Pelvis |
| - | {{Pelvis_segment_markers3.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RIAS , LIAS= Ilium Anterior Superior (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | RIAS , LIAS= Ilium Anterior Superior (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) < | ||
| SACR = Sacrum (Mid-point between RIPS and LIPS) | SACR = Sacrum (Mid-point between RIPS and LIPS) | ||
| - | === Thigh Segment === | + | ===== Thigh Segment |
| Visual3D treats the thigh as a geometrical primitive ([[https:// | Visual3D treats the thigh as a geometrical primitive ([[https:// | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| The proximal radius is the geometrical radius of the proximal end of the thigh. You can use calipers to measure this or you can approximate this measure as one quarter of the distance between the greater trochanters. | The proximal radius is the geometrical radius of the proximal end of the thigh. You can use calipers to measure this or you can approximate this measure as one quarter of the distance between the greater trochanters. | ||
| - | == Thigh Model 1 == | + | ==== Thigh Model 1 ==== |
| - | {{Thigh_segment_markers.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | ||
| RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | ||
| RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | ||
| - | == Thigh Model 2 == | + | ==== Thigh Model 2 ==== |
| - | {{Thigh_segment_markers2.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RFCH, LFCH=Femur Center of Head < | RFCH, LFCH=Femur Center of Head < | ||
| RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | ||
| RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | ||
| - | == Thigh Model 3 == | + | ==== Thigh Model 3 ==== |
| - | {{Thigh_segment_markers4.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | RFT , LFT= Femur greater Trochanter < | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
| RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | ||
| RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | ||
| - | == Thigh Model 4 == | + | ==== Thigh Model 4 ==== |
| - | {{Thigh_segment_markers3.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| RFCH, LFCH=Femur Center of Head < | RFCH, LFCH=Femur Center of Head < | ||
| RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | RFLE, LFLE=Femur Lateral Epicondyle < | ||
| RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | RFME, LFME=Femur Medial Epicondyle < | ||
| - | === Shank Segment === | + | ===== Shank Segment |
| Consistent with our recommendation for the thigh, we recommend that users avoid the lateral knee marker as a tracking marker unless the medial knee marker is also a tracking marker. | Consistent with our recommendation for the thigh, we recommend that users avoid the lateral knee marker as a tracking marker unless the medial knee marker is also a tracking marker. | ||
| - | == Shank Model 1 == | + | ==== Shank Model 1 ==== |
| - | {{Shank_segment_markers1.jpeg}}\\ | + | {{: |
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
| RFAL, LFAL=Fibula Apex of Lateral Malleolus < | RFAL, LFAL=Fibula Apex of Lateral Malleolus < | ||
| RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | ||
| - | == Shank Model 2 == | + | ==== Shank Model 2 ==== |
| - | {{Shank_segment_markers2.jpeg}}\\ | + | {{: |
| Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
| RFAL, LFAL=Fibula Apex of Lateral Malleolus < | RFAL, LFAL=Fibula Apex of Lateral Malleolus < | ||
| RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | ||
| - | == Shank Model 3 == | + | ==== Shank Model 3 ==== |
| - | {{Shank_segment_markers3.jpeg}}\\ | + | {{: |
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
| RFAX, LFAX= Apex of the Styloid Process, head of Tibia < | RFAX, LFAX= Apex of the Styloid Process, head of Tibia < | ||
| TTC= Right and Left Tibial Tuberosity < | TTC= Right and Left Tibial Tuberosity < | ||
| - | == Shank Model 4 == | + | ==== Shank Model 4 ==== |
| - | {{Shank_segment_markers4.jpeg}}\\ | + | {{: |
| Line 123: | Line 123: | ||
| RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | RTAM, LTAM= Tibia Apex of Medial Malleolus < | ||
| RTTC,LTTC= Tibial Tuberosity < | RTTC,LTTC= Tibial Tuberosity < | ||
| - | === Foot Segment === | + | ===== Foot Segment |
| - | == One Segment Foot == | + | ==== One Segment Foot ==== |
| This model is consistent with a one segment foot segment. | This model is consistent with a one segment foot segment. | ||
| - | {{foot_markers3.png}} | + | {{:foot_markers3.png}} |
| One segment foot with additional markers. | One segment foot with additional markers. | ||
| - | {{Foot_segment_markers.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| - | == Multi-Segment Foot (Leardini) == | + | ==== Multi-Segment Foot (Leardini) |
| - | {{foot_markers.png}} | + | {{: |
| - | {{foot_markers2.png}} | + | {{: |
| CA< | CA< | ||
| Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
| FMB< | FMB< | ||
| SMB< | SMB< | ||
| - | === Thorax/Ab Segment === | + | ===== Thorax/Ab Segment |
| - | == Thorax/Ab Model 1 == | + | ==== Thorax/Ab Model 1 ==== |
| This marker set is consistent with both a one segment torso (Iliac Crest to Acromium) and a two segment torso; lumbar segment from Iliac Crest to a projection of the T10 (or T12) marker onto a plane defined by the Iliac Crest and Acromium; thoracic segment from the projected T10 marker to the acromium. | This marker set is consistent with both a one segment torso (Iliac Crest to Acromium) and a two segment torso; lumbar segment from Iliac Crest to a projection of the T10 (or T12) marker onto a plane defined by the Iliac Crest and Acromium; thoracic segment from the projected T10 marker to the acromium. | ||
| - | {{Thorax_ab_markers.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| - | == Thorax/Ab Model 2 == | + | ==== Thorax/Ab Model 2 ==== |
| - | {{Thorax_ab_markers2.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| - | == Thorax/Ab Model 3 == | + | ==== Thorax/Ab Model 3 ==== |
| - | {{Thorax_ab_1.jpg}} | + | {{:Thorax_ab_1.jpg?400}} |
| MAI= Midpoint Between the Inferior Angles of Most Caudal Points of the Two Scapula | MAI= Midpoint Between the Inferior Angles of Most Caudal Points of the Two Scapula | ||
| Line 172: | Line 172: | ||
| CV7= Cervical Vertebrae 7 < | CV7= Cervical Vertebrae 7 < | ||
| LV1= Lumbar Level Vertebrae 1 < | LV1= Lumbar Level Vertebrae 1 < | ||
| - | === Thorax Segment === | + | ===== Thorax Segment |
| This marker set is consistent with the ISB recommendations. | This marker set is consistent with the ISB recommendations. | ||
| - | {{Thorax_ab_1.jpg}} | + | {{:Thorax_ab_1.jpg?400}} |
| MAI= Midpoint Between the Inferior Angles of Most Caudal Points of the Two Scapula | MAI= Midpoint Between the Inferior Angles of Most Caudal Points of the Two Scapula | ||
| Line 207: | Line 207: | ||
| SXS | SXS | ||
| MAI | MAI | ||
| - | === Upper Arm and Lower Arm Segment === | + | ===== Upper Arm and Lower Arm Segment |
| The upper arm segment is defined from the head of the humerus (shoulder " | The upper arm segment is defined from the head of the humerus (shoulder " | ||
| Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
| The forearm segment is defined from the elbow joint (e.g. distal end of the upper arm segment) and the medial and lateral wrist markers assuming that the wrist markers are placed laterally on the wrist; if the wrist markers are placed on the posterior surface, it is necessary to create landmarks that are projected. It is often convenient to use a digitizing pointer to identify these locations. **Note that supination/ | The forearm segment is defined from the elbow joint (e.g. distal end of the upper arm segment) and the medial and lateral wrist markers assuming that the wrist markers are placed laterally on the wrist; if the wrist markers are placed on the posterior surface, it is necessary to create landmarks that are projected. It is often convenient to use a digitizing pointer to identify these locations. **Note that supination/ | ||
| - | == Recommended Posture for the static trial == | + | ==== Recommended Posture for the static trial ==== |
| Defining the segment coordinate system for the humerus is particularly difficult because there are no bony landmarks to assist in determining the glenohumeral joint center, and medial and lateral markers on the epicondyles are close together and often do not represent the axis of rotation of the elbow. | Defining the segment coordinate system for the humerus is particularly difficult because there are no bony landmarks to assist in determining the glenohumeral joint center, and medial and lateral markers on the epicondyles are close together and often do not represent the axis of rotation of the elbow. | ||
| Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
| - | == Model 1 == | + | ==== Model 1 ==== |
| - | {{upper_Arm_markers.jpg}} | + | {{:upper_Arm_markers.jpg?400}} |
| In this model, there are 3 markers surrounding the head of the humerus. The origin of the upper arm is the projection of the lateral shoulder marker onto an axis passing through the anterior and posterior shoulder markers. | In this model, there are 3 markers surrounding the head of the humerus. The origin of the upper arm is the projection of the lateral shoulder marker onto an axis passing through the anterior and posterior shoulder markers. | ||
| Line 260: | Line 260: | ||
| RUSP, LUSP=Ulna-Styloid Process < | RUSP, LUSP=Ulna-Styloid Process < | ||
| RHL, LHL, RHM, LHM= Lateral and Medial Head of Metacarpal < | RHL, LHL, RHM, LHM= Lateral and Medial Head of Metacarpal < | ||
| - | == Model 2 == | + | ==== Model 2 ==== |
| - | {{upper_Arm_markers2.jpg}} | + | {{:upper_Arm_markers2.jpg?400}} |
| In this model the origin of the upper arm is an offset from the acromion marker. | In this model the origin of the upper arm is an offset from the acromion marker. | ||
| Line 274: | Line 274: | ||
| RHL, LHL, RHM, LHM= Lateral and Medial Head of Metacarpal < | RHL, LHL, RHM, LHM= Lateral and Medial Head of Metacarpal < | ||
| RSAJ, LSAJ=Scapula- Acromioclavicular Joint < | RSAJ, LSAJ=Scapula- Acromioclavicular Joint < | ||
| - | === Head Segment === | + | ===== Head Segment |
| If the purpose of the head segment is for kinematics only, the following definition is easy to use. The proximal end of the head is at the acromium and the distal end is vertically above the acromium at the level of the ear. | If the purpose of the head segment is for kinematics only, the following definition is easy to use. The proximal end of the head is at the acromium and the distal end is vertically above the acromium at the level of the ear. | ||
| - | {{Head_markers.jpeg}}\\ | + | {{: |
| - | {{all_markers.jpeg}} | + | {{: |
| - | === References === | + | ===== References |
| - ↑ < | |||