HAS-Motion Software Documentation

User Tools

Site Tools

You are here: Main Page » visual3d » tutorials » modeling » IOR Foot Model
visual3d:tutorials:modeling:ior_foot_model

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
visual3d:tutorials:modeling:ior_foot_model [2024/06/19 13:40] – removed sgrangervisual3d:tutorials:modeling:ior_foot_model [2024/07/17 15:47] (current) – created sgranger
Line 1: Line 1:
 +====== IOR Foot Model ======
 +
 +This tutorial has been updated to match the naming convention used in the IOR foot paper. The original tutorial can be found [[Visual3D:Tutorials:Modeling:IOR_Foot_Model_2006|here]].\\
 +**In 2014, updates to the IOR foot model were published. The updated tutorial can be found [[Visual3D:Tutorials:Modeling:IOR_Foot_Model|here]].**
 +
 +==== Sample Data ====
 +
 +Sample data can be downloaded [[https://www.has-motion.com/download/examples/IORFoot/IORFootTutorial.zip|here]].
 +
 +Once the zip file has been downloaded, you can find a static C3D and three dynamic trials in the SampleFiles folder. These files will be used to complete the tutorial.
 +
 +The model, planar angles and joint angles for the right side were defined and plotted in the Leardini_2007_Angles.cmo. Once the left side angles have been defined, the report template will graph both the left and right angles.
 +
 +==== Introduction ====
 +
 +Visual3D is a general tool capable of implementing many different foot models.
 +
 +This tutorial focuses on the multi-segment foot model as described in the following article:
 +
 +{{:Leardini2007articleheader.jpg}}\\
 +
 +
 +=== Multi-Segment Foot Marker Set ===
 +
 +== Foot Targets ==
 +
 +{{:foot_markersIOR.png}}
 +
 +**CA<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FCC) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** :p. 162 = Posterior Surface of Calcaneus
 +**ST<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FST) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.164 = Sustentaculum Tali of Calcaneus
 +**PT<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FPT) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.171 = Lateral apex of the peroneal tubercle
 +**TN<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FNT) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.165 = Medial apex of the tuberosity navicular.
 +**FMH<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FM1) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.173 = Head of 1st Metatarsus
 +**SMH<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FM2) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.173 = Head of 2nd Metatarsus
 +**VMH<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FM5) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.173 = Head of 5th Metatarsus
 +**VMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FMT) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.172 = Tuberosity of 5th Metatarsal
 +**PM<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (PD6) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.175 = Proximal Distal Phalanx. *
 +**FMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup>** = Base of First Metatarsal. %%**%%
 +**SMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup>** = Base of Second Metatarsal. %%**%%
 +\\
 +//*// Serge Van Sint Jan describes palpation for the mediolateral borders of this landmark (PM6/PL6), the target should be placed at the midpoint.\\
 +//%%**%%// There is no reference for this landmark in Serge Van Sint Jan text, please see the IOR Foot paper for further clarification
 +
 +== Shank Targets ==
 +
 +|**HF<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FAX) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.154 = Apex of the styloid process\\ \\ **TT<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (TTC) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.144 = Tibial tuberosity\\ \\ **LM<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (FAL) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.158 = Apex of the Lateral malleolus\\ \\ **MM<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> (TAM) <sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>** : p.148 = Apex of the Medial malleolus  |  {{:IORShank_targets.png}}|
 +
 +**NOTE:** This tutorial follows the naming convention presented in the IOR Foot paper.
 +
 +==== Metatarsus (Met) ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RMET_DIST:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RMET_DIST//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RMET_DIST//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RFMH//\\    **Ending Point:** //RVMH//\\    **Lateral Object:** //RSMB//\\    **Project From:** //RSMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RMET_DIST.png}}|
 +
 +=== Segment Definition ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RMet Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //RMet// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **Kinematic Only**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **RMet** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RSMB//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RMET_DIST//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Medial//     //RFMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //RFMB//, //RFMH//, //RSMB//, //RSMH//, //RVMB//, //RVMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RMET.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define the Segment Orientation as:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\    **Distal to Proximal:** //-X//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RMET_SCS.png}}|
 +
 +The image to the right (and all other images in this tutorial) show a mediolateral view of the segment coordinate system after it has been modified.
 +
 +==== Mid-foot (Mid) ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RID Joint Center:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RID//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RID//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RTN//\\    **Ending Point:** //RVMB//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RID.png}}|
 +
 +=== Segment Definition ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RMid Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //RMid// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **Kinematic Only**.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **RMid** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RID//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RSMB//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Medial//     //RTN//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //RSMB//, //RTN//, //RVMB//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Segment_RMID.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define the Segment Orientation as:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\    **Distal to Proximal:** //-X//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RMID_SCS.png}}|
 +
 +==== Calcaneus (Cal) ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RIC Joint Center:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RIC//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RIC//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RST//\\    **Ending Point:** //RPT//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RIC.png}}|
 +
 +=== Segment Definition ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RCal Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //RCal// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **RCal** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RCA//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RIC//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.1//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Medial//     //RST//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //RCA//, //RPT//, //RST//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Segment_RCAL.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define the Segment Orientation as:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\    **Distal to Proximal:** //-X//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RCAL_SCS.png}}|
 +
 +==== Foot (Foo) ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RFT_DIST:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RFT_DIST//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RFT_DIST//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RCA//\\    **Ending Point:** //RFMH//\\    **Lateral Object:** //RVMH//\\    **Project From:** //RSMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RFT_DIST.png}}|
 +
 +=== Segment Definition ===
 +
 +|**1. Create Right Foot Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Right Foot// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Right Foot** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RCA//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RST,RPT)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RFT_DIST//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RFMH,RVMH)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Medial//     //RFMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //RCA//, //RFMH//, //RVMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Segment_RFT.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define the Segment Orientation as:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\    **Distal to Proximal:** //-X//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RFT_SCS.png}}|
 +
 +==== Shank (Sha) ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +|**1. Create RIM:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RIM//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RIM//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RLM//\\    **Ending Point:** //RMM//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RIM.png}}|
 +
 +|**2. Create RSK_PROX:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RSK_PROX//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RSK_PROX//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RIM//\\    **Ending Point:** //RLM//\\    **Lateral Object:** //RHF//\\    **Project From:** //RTT//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Landmark_RSK_PROX.png}}|
 +
 +=== Segment Definition ===
 +
 +|**1. Create Right Shank Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Right Shank// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Right Shank** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RSK_PROX//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //DISTANCE(RSK_PROX,RHF)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //RIM//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RLM,RMM)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Lateral//     //RLM//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //RHF//, //RLM//, //RMM//, //RTT//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.**<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Segment_RSK.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define the Segment Orientation as:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **A/P Axis:** //+X//\\    **Distal to Proximal:** //+Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Seg_RSK_SCS.png}}|
 +
 +==== Angles ====
 +
 +=== Landmarks ===
 +
 +The F2Pt and F2Ps planar angles are calculated as the angle between the lines created by the targets FMB-FMH and FMH-PM. To calculate this angle using the Compute Planar Angle command, an offset along the line between FMB and FMH is created to define the 3 point angle.
 +
 +|**1. Create RF2P_Offset:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RF2P_Offset//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RF2P_Offset//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //RFMB//\\    **Ending Point:** //RFMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //1.5//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:LandmarkImage_RF2P_Offset.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LF2P_Offset:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions as for the //RF2P_Offset// landmark\\ \\ |||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  |
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +The F2G, S2G and V2G angles are calculated in the plane orthogonal to the ground. These landmarks will need to be projected onto the ground. To project landmarks onto the ground, the Lab_O, Lab_X and Lab_Y landmarks will need to be created to identify the plane of the ground.
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**3. Create Lab_O:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //Lab_O//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //Lab_O//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **ML/AP/AXIAL** Offsets:\\    **X:** //0.0//    **Y:** //0.0//    **Z:** //0.0//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%) (Meters when not checked)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark (Not generated for assigned motion file(s))//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IORFoot_Lab_O.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**4. Create Lab_X:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //Lab_X//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //Lab_X//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **ML/AP/AXIAL** Offsets:\\    **X:** //0.05//    **Y:** //0.0//    **Z:** //0.0//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%) (Meters when not checked)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark (Not generated for assigned motion file(s))//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IORFoot_Lab_X.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**5. Create Lab_Y:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //Lab_Y//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //Lab_Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Offset Using the Following **ML/AP/AXIAL** Offsets:\\    **X:** //0.0//    **Y:** //0.05//    **Z:** //0.0//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%) (Meters when not checked)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark (Not generated for assigned motion file(s))//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IORFoot_Lab_Y.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**6. Create RFMH_proj:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Landmarks** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click **Add New Landmark** button<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Create Landmark: //RFMH_proj//\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Landmark Name:** //RFMH_proj//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Orientation Using:**\\    **Starting Point:** //LAB_O//\\    **Ending Point:** //LAB_X//\\    **Lateral Object:** //LAB_Y//\\    **Project From:** //RFMH//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IORFoot_RFMH_proj.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +**Create landmarks 7-17 by following the same format as the RFMH_proj landmark for:** ****
 +
 +****
 +|\\ 7. RFMB\\ 8. RSMH\\ 9. RSMB\\ 10. RVMH\\ 11. RVMB\\   |  12. LFMH\\ 13. LFMB\\ 14. LSMH\\ 15. LSMB\\ 16. LVMH\\ 17. LVMB\\ |
 +
 +****
 +****
 +
 +=== Planar Angles ===
 +
 +== F2Pt ==
 +
 +**F2Pt** - the angle between the lines FMH-PM and FMB-FMH projected onto the transverse plane of the metatarsus\\
 +**Represents** - valgus of the first metatarsophalangeal joint\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RF2Pt planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RF2Pt//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **3 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //LANDMARK::ORIGINAL::RF2P_offset//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RPM//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Left Hand Rule//\\ **Use Range:** //-180 to 180 degrees//\\ **Projected onto Plane:** //XZ//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //RMet// within the text option.**\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RF2Pt.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LF2Pt planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions **except** set:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>**Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //LMet// within the text option.**\\ \\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== S2F ==
 +
 +**S2F** - the angle between the lines FMB-FMH and SMB-SMH projected onto the transverse plane of the metatarsus\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RS2F planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RS2F//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **4 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMH//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMB//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMB//\\    4 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **Use Range:** //-180 to 180 degrees//\\ **Projected onto Plane:** //XZ//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //RMet// within the text option.**\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RS2F.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LS2F planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions **except** set:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>**Angle Direction:** //Left Hand Rule//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //LMet// within the text option.**\\ \\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== S2V ==
 +
 +**S2V** - the angle between the lines VMB-VMH and SMB-SMH projected onto the transverse plane of the metatarsus\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RS2V planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RS2V//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **4 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMH//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMB//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMB//\\    4 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMH//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Left Hand Rule//\\ **Use Range:** //-180 to 180 degrees//\\ **Projected onto Plane:** //XZ//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //RMet// within the text option.**\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RS2V.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LS2V planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions **except** set:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>**Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //LMet// within the text option.**\\ \\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== F2G ==
 +
 +**F2G** - the angle between the lines FMB-FMH and the ground, plane orthogonal to the ground (3D angle relative to the ground)\\
 +
 +
 +The **FMH_proj** and **FMB_proj** landmarks will be used to calculate the **F2G** planar angle which are described in the [[Visual3D:Tutorials:Modeling:IOR_Foot_Model_2007#Landmarks_6|landmarks]] section.\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RF2G planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RF2G//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **4 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMB//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH_proj//\\    4 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMB_proj//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **3D Space:** //Always 0 to 180 degrees//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RF2G.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LF2G planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions as for the right angle\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== S2G ==
 +
 +**S2G** - the angle between the lines SMB-SMH and the ground, plane orthogonal to the ground (3D angle relative to the ground)\\
 +
 +
 +The **SMH_proj** and **SMB_proj** landmarks will be used to calculate the **S2G** planar angle which are described in the [[Visual3D:Tutorials:Modeling:IOR_Foot_Model_2007#Landmarks_6|landmarks]] section.\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RS2G planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RS2G//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **4 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMB//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMH//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMH_proj//\\    4 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RSMB_proj//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **3D Space:** //Always 0 to 180 degrees//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RS2G.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LS2G planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions as for the right angle\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== V2G ==
 +
 +**V2G** - the angle between the lines VMB-VMH and the ground, plane orthogonal to the ground (3D angle relative to the ground)\\
 +
 +
 +The **VMH_proj** and **VMB_proj** landmarks will be used to calculate the **V2G** planar angle which are described in the [[Visual3D:Tutorials:Modeling:IOR_Foot_Model_2007#Landmarks_6|landmarks]] section.\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RV2G planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RV2G//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **4 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMB//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMH//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMH_proj//\\    4 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RVMB_proj//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **3D Space:** //Always 0 to 180 degrees//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RV2G.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LV2G planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions as for the right angle\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +== F2Ps ==
 +
 +**F2Ps** - the angle between the lines FMH-PM and FMB-FMH projected onto the sagittal plane of the metatarsus\\
 +**Represents** - dorsiflexion of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RF2Ps planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RF2Ps//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **3 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //LANDMARK::ORIGINAL::RF2P_offset//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RPM//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **Use Range:** //-180 to 180 degrees//\\ **Projected onto Plane:** //XY//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //RMet// within the text option.**\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RF2Ps.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LF2Ps planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions **except** set:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>**Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //LMet// within the text option.**\\ \\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +== MLA ==
 +
 +**MLA** - the angle between the lines CA-ST and ST-FMH projected onto the sagittal plane of the foot\\
 +**Represents** - navicular drop\\
 +
 +
 +|**1. Create RMLA planar angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Define **Resulting Signal** Name: //RMLA//<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Calculate a **3 point angle** between the following targets:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   1 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RCA//\\    2 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RST//\\    3 - //TARGET::ORIGINAL::RFMH//\\ **Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ **Use Range:** //-180 to 180 degrees//\\ **Projected onto Plane:** //XY//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //RMet// within the text option.**\\ <HTML></p></HTML>  ||<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:PlanarAngle_RMLA.png}}|
 +
 +\\
 +
 +
 +|**2. Create LMLA planar angle:**\\ \\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>When defining the left signal, use same definitions **except** set:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>**Angle Direction:** //Right Hand Rule//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>**Note: The reference segment will need to be changed to //LMet// within the text option.**\\ \\ <HTML></p></HTML>  |<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |
 +
 +=== Joint Angles ===
 +
 +== Sha_Foo_Angle ==
 +
 +|**1. Define the RSha_Foo_Angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Open the **Compute Model Based** dialog<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **JOINT_ANGLE** from drop down list\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Data Name:** //RSha_Foo_Angle//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Segment:** //Right Foot//\\    **Reference Segment:** //Right Shank//\\    **Cardan Sequence:** //Z-X-Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Use Negative**:\\    **X:** //TRUE//    **Y:** //TRUE//    **Z:** //FALSE//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Foot_RSha_Foo_Angle.png}}|
 +
 +== Sha_Cal_Angle ==
 +
 +|**1. Define the RSha_Cal_Angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Open the **Compute Model Based** dialog<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **JOINT_ANGLE** from drop down list\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Data Name:** //RSha_Cal_Angle//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Segment:** //RCal//\\    **Reference Segment:** //Right Shank//\\    **Cardan Sequence:** //Z-X-Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Use Negative**:\\    **X:** //TRUE//    **Y:** //TRUE//    **Z:** //FALSE//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Foot_RSha_Cal_Angle.png}}|
 +
 +== Cal_Mid_Angle ==
 +
 +|**1. Define the RCal_Mid_Angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Open the **Compute Model Based** dialog<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **JOINT_ANGLE** from drop down list\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Data Name:** //RCal_Mid_Angle//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Segment:** //RMid//\\    **Reference Segment:** //RCal//\\    **Cardan Sequence:** //Z-X-Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Use Negative**:\\    **X:** //TRUE//    **Y:** //TRUE//    **Z:** //FALSE//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Foot_RCal_Mid_Angle.png}}|
 +
 +== Mid_Met_Angle ==
 +
 +|**1. Define the RMid_Met_Angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Open the **Compute Model Based** dialog<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **JOINT_ANGLE** from drop down list\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Data Name:** //RMid_Met_Angle//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Segment:** //RMet//\\    **Reference Segment:** //RMid//\\    **Cardan Sequence:** //Z-X-Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Use Negative**:\\    **X:** //TRUE//    **Y:** //TRUE//    **Z:** //FALSE//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Foot_RMid_Met_Angle.png}}|
 +
 +== Cal_Met_Angle ==
 +
 +|**1. Define the RCal_Met_Angle:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Open the **Compute Model Based** dialog<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Select **JOINT_ANGLE** from drop down list\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Data Name:** //RCal_Met_Angle//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Segment:** //RMet//\\    **Reference Segment:** //RCal//\\    **Cardan Sequence:** //Z-X-Y//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>**Use Negative**:\\    **X:** //TRUE//    **Y:** //TRUE//    **Z:** //FALSE//<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:IOR_Foot_RCal_Met_Angle.png}}|
 +
 +==== References ====
 +
 +  - ↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-0|1.00]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-1|1.01]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-2|1.02]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-3|1.03]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-4|1.04]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-5|1.05]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-6|1.06]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-7|1.07]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-8|1.08]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-9|1.09]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-10|1.10]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-11|1.11]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-12|1.12]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-13|1.13]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-14|1.14]]</sup> Leardini, A., M.G. Benedetti, L. Berti, D. Bettinelli, R. Nativo, and S. Giannini. "Rear-foot, Mid-foot and Fore-foot Motion during the Stance Phase of Gait." Gait & Posture 25 (2007): 453-55
 +  - ↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-0|2.00]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-1|2.01]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-2|2.02]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-3|2.03]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-4|2.04]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-5|2.05]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-6|2.06]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-7|2.07]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-8|2.08]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-9|2.09]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-10|2.10]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-11|2.11]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Serge_2-12|2.12]]</sup> Serge van Sint Jan "Color Atlas of Skeletal Landmark Definitions: Guidelines for Reproducible Manual and Virtual Palpations" 2007 - Churchill Livingstone
 +
 +
 +
  
visual3d/tutorials/modeling/ior_foot_model.1718804407.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/06/19 13:40 by sgranger