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visual3d:tutorials:modeling:ior_foot_model_2006 [2024/06/18 13:35] – created sgrangervisual3d:tutorials:modeling:ior_foot_model_2006 [2024/07/17 15:47] (current) – created sgranger
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 +====== IOR Foot Model 2006 ======
 +
 \\ \\
  
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 This tutorial focuses on the multi-segment foot model as described in the following article: This tutorial focuses on the multi-segment foot model as described in the following article:
  
-{{Leardini2007articleheader.jpg}}\\+{{:Leardini2007articleheader.jpg}}\\
  
  
 Below is a tutorial demonstrating how this is done in Visual3D. If you would rather see a fully completed model you can simply download the following file [blank] and open it in Visual3D. Below is a tutorial demonstrating how this is done in Visual3D. If you would rather see a fully completed model you can simply download the following file [blank] and open it in Visual3D.
  
-=== Multi-Segment Foot Marker Set ===+== Multi-Segment Foot Marker Set ==
  
-{{foot_markersIOR.png}}+{{:foot_markersIOR.png}}
  
 \\ \\
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 FMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> = Base of First Metatarsal FMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> = Base of First Metatarsal
 SMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> = Base of Second Metatarsal SMB<sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup> = Base of Second Metatarsal
-==== Download and open the c3d files in Visual3D ====+=== Download and open the c3d files in Visual3D ===
  
 Download the zip file [[https://www.has-motion.com/download/examples/IORfoot_Tutorial.zip|IORfoot_Tutorial.zip]] containing the .c3d files. Download the zip file [[https://www.has-motion.com/download/examples/IORfoot_Tutorial.zip|IORfoot_Tutorial.zip]] containing the .c3d files.
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 From the "Open the movement trial" dialog navigate to the files you downloaded and select the file labeled //IORfoot_Walk1.c3d, IORfoot_Walk2.c3d// and //IORfoot_Walk3.c3d//. Click **Open.**\\ From the "Open the movement trial" dialog navigate to the files you downloaded and select the file labeled //IORfoot_Walk1.c3d, IORfoot_Walk2.c3d// and //IORfoot_Walk3.c3d//. Click **Open.**\\
-{{IORfootOpenStatic.png}}\\+{{:IORfootOpenStatic.png}}\\
  
  
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 Create a hybrid model - From the **Model** menu open **Create (Add Static Calibration File)** and select **Visual3D Hybrid Model.**\\ Create a hybrid model - From the **Model** menu open **Create (Add Static Calibration File)** and select **Visual3D Hybrid Model.**\\
-{{createHybridModel.jpg}}\\+{{:createHybridModel.jpg}}\\
  
  
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 Load the standing trial - From the "Select the calibration file for the new model" dialog box select the file labeled //IORfoot_Static1.c3d// and click **Open.**\\ Load the standing trial - From the "Select the calibration file for the new model" dialog box select the file labeled //IORfoot_Static1.c3d// and click **Open.**\\
-{{IORfootOpenStatic.png}}\\+{{:IORfootOpenStatic.png}}\\
  
  
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 Assign the model to the movement trial - When the "Assign Models to Motion Data" window opens select the movement files //IORfoot_Walk1.c3d, IORfoot_Walk2.c3d// and //IORfoot_Walk3.c3d// and click **OK.**\\ Assign the model to the movement trial - When the "Assign Models to Motion Data" window opens select the movement files //IORfoot_Walk1.c3d, IORfoot_Walk2.c3d// and //IORfoot_Walk3.c3d// and click **OK.**\\
-{{IORfootassignmodel.png}}\\+{{:IORfootassignmodel.png}}\\
  
  
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 Visual3D will automatically open the Model Builder mode and your screen should look like the image below.\\ Visual3D will automatically open the Model Builder mode and your screen should look like the image below.\\
-{{Lfmmodelscreenshot.jpg{{/images/thumb/c/c7/Lfmmodelscreenshot.jpg/400px-Lfmmodelscreenshot.jpg?400x216}}\\+{{:Lfmmodelscreenshot.jpg}}\\
  
  
-==== Creating the landmarks ====+=== Creating the landmarks ===
  
 The Leardini Foot Model is built using landmarks and motion capture markers. Landmarks are defined relative to motion capture markers, other landmarks, or to existing segment coordinate systems. The Leardini Foot Model is built using landmarks and motion capture markers. Landmarks are defined relative to motion capture markers, other landmarks, or to existing segment coordinate systems.
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 **Note:** As you go through this exercise, you will notice that the marker names in our example are slightly different than those shown above. **Note:** As you go through this exercise, you will notice that the marker names in our example are slightly different than those shown above.
  
-=== Project TARGET onto the Laboratory Floor ===+== Project TARGET onto the Laboratory Floor ==
  
 \\ \\
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 Open the **Landmarks** Tab\\ Open the **Landmarks** Tab\\
-{{LandmarksTab.jpg{{/images/thumb/9/99/LandmarksTab.jpg/300px-LandmarksTab.jpg?300x479}}\\+{{:LandmarksTab.jpg}}\\
  
   - Click **Add a New Landmark**   - Click **Add a New Landmark**
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-=== Creating other LANDMARKS ===+== Creating other LANDMARKS ==
  
 Other landmarks are also required to create certain segments.\\ Other landmarks are also required to create certain segments.\\
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 \\ \\
-{{Lfmlandmarksblank.jpg}}\\+{{:Lfmlandmarksblank.jpg}}\\
  
  
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-==== Defining the segments ====+=== Defining the segments ===
  
-=== Defining the Shank ===+== Defining the Shank ==
  
 Follow the sub-steps below to create the shank segments using the following properties. The Shank segments are created by defining the KNEE (LT_KNEE/RT_KNEE) landmark as the proximal segment endpoint and the ANKLE joint centre (LIM/RIM) as the distal segment endpoint. The frontal plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the lateral malleolus (LLM/RLM) targets. The segment is tracked using the four shank markers. Follow the sub-steps below to create the shank segments using the following properties. The Shank segments are created by defining the KNEE (LT_KNEE/RT_KNEE) landmark as the proximal segment endpoint and the ANKLE joint centre (LIM/RIM) as the distal segment endpoint. The frontal plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the lateral malleolus (LLM/RLM) targets. The segment is tracked using the four shank markers.
 Click the **Segments** button to open the **Segments** tab. Click the **Segments** button to open the **Segments** tab.
 From the **Segment Name** list box select **Left Shank (Right Shank).**\\ From the **Segment Name** list box select **Left Shank (Right Shank).**\\
-{{CreateLeftShank.jpg{{/images/thumb/c/c2/CreateLeftShank.jpg/300px-CreateLeftShank.jpg?300x234}}\\+{{:CreateLeftShank.jpg}}\\
  
 Click **Create.** The segment will be created and the Left Shank tab will open. Click **Create.** The segment will be created and the Left Shank tab will open.
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 Click **Build Model.** Click **Build Model.**
 Click **Close Tab.**\\ Click **Close Tab.**\\
-{{IORfootLShank.png}}+{{:IORfootLShank.png}}
 \\ \\
  
 Click the **Segment Properties** button. Click the **Segment Properties** button.
-{{Lfmsegmentproperties.jpg{{/images/thumb/5/57/Lfmsegmentproperties.jpg/300px-Lfmsegmentproperties.jpg?300x458}}\\+{{:Lfmsegmentproperties.jpg}}\\
 \\ \\
  
 From the //Segment Name// list box select **Left Shank**. From the //Segment Name// list box select **Left Shank**.
-{{IORfootShankCS.png}}\\+{{:IORfootShankCS.png}}\\
  
 Click the **Modify Segment Coordinate System** button. Click the **Modify Segment Coordinate System** button.
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 For the **A/P Axis**, select //+X//, and for the **Distal to Proximal**, select //+Y//. For the **A/P Axis**, select //+X//, and for the **Distal to Proximal**, select //+Y//.
-{{Lfmshanksegmentorientation.jpg{{/images/thumb/e/e8/Lfmshanksegmentorientation.jpg/300px-Lfmshanksegmentorientation.jpg?300x297}}\\+{{:Lfmshanksegmentorientation.jpg}}\\
 \\ \\
  
 Then click //OK//. Then click //OK//.
 Then click //Apply//. Then click //Apply//.
-=== Defining the Foot (single segment) ===+== Defining the Foot (single segment) ==
  
 Follow the sub-steps below to create the foot segments (rigid segment) using the following properties. The Foot segments are created by defining the Calcaneus (LCA/RCA) targets as the proximal segment endpoint and the second metatarsal distal head (LSM/RSM) as the distal segment endpoint. The transverse plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the fifth metatarsal head (LVM/RVM) targets. The segment is tracked using three markers. Follow the sub-steps below to create the foot segments (rigid segment) using the following properties. The Foot segments are created by defining the Calcaneus (LCA/RCA) targets as the proximal segment endpoint and the second metatarsal distal head (LSM/RSM) as the distal segment endpoint. The transverse plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the fifth metatarsal head (LVM/RVM) targets. The segment is tracked using three markers.
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 Click **Close Tab.** Click **Close Tab.**
 \\ \\
-{{Lfmfootsegment.jpg{{/images/thumb/3/3a/Lfmfootsegment.jpg/400px-Lfmfootsegment.jpg?400x373}}\\+{{:Lfmfootsegment.jpg}}\\
 \\ \\
  
 Click the **Segment Properties** button. Click the **Segment Properties** button.
 Click the **Modify Segment Coordinate System** button. Click the **Modify Segment Coordinate System** button.
-{{Lfmfootsegmentcoordinate.jpg{{/images/thumb/6/60/Lfmfootsegmentcoordinate.jpg/300px-Lfmfootsegmentcoordinate.jpg?300x440}}\\+{{:Lfmfootsegmentcoordinate.jpg}}\\
 \\ \\
  
 For the **A/P Axis**, select //+Y//, and for the **Distal to Proximal**, select //-X//. For the **A/P Axis**, select //+Y//, and for the **Distal to Proximal**, select //-X//.
-{{Lfmsegmentorientation.jpg{{/images/thumb/a/a8/Lfmsegmentorientation.jpg/300px-Lfmsegmentorientation.jpg?300x298}}\\+{{:Lfmsegmentorientation.jpg}}\\
 \\ \\
  
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 The Foot Segment Coordinate system should now be similar to the Shank one. The Foot Segment Coordinate system should now be similar to the Shank one.
 \\ \\
-{{IORfootSingleFootCS.png}}\\+{{:IORfootSingleFootCS.png}}\\
  
-=== Defining the Foot Segments ===+== Defining the Foot Segments ==
  
 The definition of the foot segments are as followed:\\ The definition of the foot segments are as followed:\\
  
  
-{{Lfmfootsegmentdefinition.jpg{{/images/thumb/9/91/Lfmfootsegmentdefinition.jpg/400px-Lfmfootsegmentdefinition.jpg?400x603}}\\+{{:Lfmfootsegmentdefinition.jpg}}\\
  
  
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-== Defining the Calcaneus ==+= Defining the Calcaneus =
  
 Follow the sub-steps below to create the Calcaneus segments using the following properties. Follow the sub-steps below to create the Calcaneus segments using the following properties.
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   - Click **Close Tab.**   - Click **Close Tab.**
  
-== Defining the Mid-foot ==+= Defining the Mid-foot =
  
 Follow the sub-steps below to create the Mid-Foot segments using the following properties. The Mid-Foot segments are created by defining the //LID (RID)// landmark as the proximal segment endpoint and the //LSMB (RSMB)// as the distal segment endpoint. The transverse plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the //LTN/RTN// targets. The segment is tracked using three markers. Follow the sub-steps below to create the Mid-Foot segments using the following properties. The Mid-Foot segments are created by defining the //LID (RID)// landmark as the proximal segment endpoint and the //LSMB (RSMB)// as the distal segment endpoint. The transverse plane is defined using the segment endpoints and the //LTN/RTN// targets. The segment is tracked using three markers.
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   - Click **Close Tab.**   - Click **Close Tab.**
  
-== Defining the Metatarsus ==+= Defining the Metatarsus =
  
 Follow the sub-steps below to create the Metatarsus segments using the following properties. The Metatarsus segments are created by defining the //LSMB (RSMB)// landmark as the proximal segment endpoint, the //LSM_MET (RSM_MET)// as the distal segment joint and the //LVM/RVM// as the lateral distal endpoint. The segment is tracked using four markers. Follow the sub-steps below to create the Metatarsus segments using the following properties. The Metatarsus segments are created by defining the //LSMB (RSMB)// landmark as the proximal segment endpoint, the //LSM_MET (RSM_MET)// as the distal segment joint and the //LVM/RVM// as the lateral distal endpoint. The segment is tracked using four markers.
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   - Click **Close Tab.**   - Click **Close Tab.**
  
-==== Computing Planar Angles ====+=== Computing Planar Angles ===
  
 The IOR multi-segment foot model also offers a method to measure foot planar/anatomical angles, often measured through static load-bearing radiograms. In this case, these angles can also be measure dynamically. As per Leardini (2007) <sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup>, here a list of the different angles computed using this foot model: The IOR multi-segment foot model also offers a method to measure foot planar/anatomical angles, often measured through static load-bearing radiograms. In this case, these angles can also be measure dynamically. As per Leardini (2007) <sup>[[#cite_note-Leardini-1|[1]]]</sup>, here a list of the different angles computed using this foot model:
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 **F2Ps** = angle between the projections of the line segments FMH-PM and FMB-FMH into the sagittal plane of the metatarsus, positive angle with the former rotating upward, i.e. dorsiflexion of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint. **F2Ps** = angle between the projections of the line segments FMH-PM and FMB-FMH into the sagittal plane of the metatarsus, positive angle with the former rotating upward, i.e. dorsiflexion of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.
 **MLA** = angle between the projections of the line segments CA-ST and ST-FMH into the sagittal plane of the foot, positive angle with clockwise rotation of the former toward the latter, i.e. navicular drop being positive. This would replicate somehow what is known in radiography as the Moreau and Costa Bertani angle. To make sure all three markers (CA, ST and FMH)are not colinear, it is recommended to use the CAB marker instead of the CA since the CAB is lower than the CA marker, ensuring the angle is more acute. **MLA** = angle between the projections of the line segments CA-ST and ST-FMH into the sagittal plane of the foot, positive angle with clockwise rotation of the former toward the latter, i.e. navicular drop being positive. This would replicate somehow what is known in radiography as the Moreau and Costa Bertani angle. To make sure all three markers (CA, ST and FMH)are not colinear, it is recommended to use the CAB marker instead of the CA since the CAB is lower than the CA marker, ensuring the angle is more acute.
-{{IORfootPlanarAngles.png}}+{{:IORfootPlanarAngles.png}}
  
-{{IORfootComputePlanarAngles.png}}+{{:IORfootComputePlanarAngles.png}}
  
 Within the pipeline Workshop window, under **Signal Math**, double-click (or highlight and click on the right-pointing double arrows) **Compute_Plantar_Angle**. Once the **Compute_Plantar_Angle** is transfered in the //commands in Main pipeline// window, click on //Edit//.\\ Within the pipeline Workshop window, under **Signal Math**, double-click (or highlight and click on the right-pointing double arrows) **Compute_Plantar_Angle**. Once the **Compute_Plantar_Angle** is transfered in the //commands in Main pipeline// window, click on //Edit//.\\
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-==== Computing Joint Angles ====+=== Computing Joint Angles ===
  
 The following joint angles describes the intrinsic foot movements between the different foot segments of the IOR foot model. The following joint angles describes the intrinsic foot movements between the different foot segments of the IOR foot model.
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-==== References ====+=== References ===
  
   - ↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-0|1.00]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-1|1.01]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-2|1.02]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-3|1.03]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-4|1.04]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-5|1.05]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-6|1.06]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-7|1.07]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-8|1.08]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-9|1.09]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-10|1.10]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-11|1.11]]</sup> Leardini, A., M.G. Benedetti, L. Berti, D. Bettinelli, R. Nativo, and S. Giannini. "Rear-foot, Mid-foot and Fore-foot Motion during the Stance Phase of Gait." Gait & Posture 25 (2007): 453-55   - ↑ <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-0|1.00]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-1|1.01]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-2|1.02]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-3|1.03]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-4|1.04]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-5|1.05]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-6|1.06]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-7|1.07]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-8|1.08]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-9|1.09]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-10|1.10]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_ref-Leardini_1-11|1.11]]</sup> Leardini, A., M.G. Benedetti, L. Berti, D. Bettinelli, R. Nativo, and S. Giannini. "Rear-foot, Mid-foot and Fore-foot Motion during the Stance Phase of Gait." Gait & Posture 25 (2007): 453-55
visual3d/tutorials/modeling/ior_foot_model_2006.1718717755.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/06/18 13:35 by sgranger