HAS-Motion Software Documentation

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<h1>Building a 6 DOF Model</h1>
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<td><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox webfonts-changed" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Key_Concepts"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Key Concepts</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Preparing_for_the_Tutorial"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Preparing for the Tutorial</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Create_a_Hybrid_Model"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Create a Hybrid Model</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#3D_View_Options"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">3D View Options</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Creating_the_Pelvis_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Creating the Pelvis Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#View_the_Pelvis_Segment_Coordinate_System"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">View the Pelvis Segment Coordinate System</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Segment_Properties"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Segment Properties</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#A_little_fun_with_the_Graphics"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">A little fun with the Graphics</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Save_the_data"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Save the data</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Save_the_Workspace_to_a_.cmz_file"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Save the Workspace to a .cmz file</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Save_the_Model_Template"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Save the Model Template</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Apply_the_Model_Template"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Apply the Model Template</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Define_the_Remaining_Segments"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Define the Remaining Segments</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Create_the_Right_Thigh_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Create the Right Thigh Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Create_the_Right_Shank_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Create the Right Shank Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Create_Right_Foot_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Create Right Foot Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Create_the_Left_Thigh_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Create the Left Thigh Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Create_Landmarks_for_Left_Segments"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Create Landmarks for Left Segments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Create_the_Left_Shank_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Create the Left Shank Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Create_the_Left_Foot_Segment"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Create the Left Foot Segment</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Create_Kinematic_Only_Foot_Segments"><span class="tocnumber">5.8</span> <span class="toctext">Create Kinematic Only Foot Segments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Completing_the_Model"><span class="tocnumber">5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Completing the Model</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Verify_the_model_template"><span class="tocnumber">5.9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Verify the model template</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><br>
This is the first tutorial in the Visual3D typical processing session, each of the tutorials will go over the sequence of steps involved in handling and analyzing data in the application. This specific tutorial will go over building a 6 DoF Model from a motion capture dataset.

</p><p>The techniques learned here will be consistent with all Visual3D models. However <b>the model described in this tutorial is only designed to illustrate the principles of model building and should not be considered the Default Visual3D lower-body model</b>. Once the user learns the basics of building models, it is up to them to decide what model and marker set is most appropriate for their analyses.
</p><p>If you prefer, a video tutorial is available outlining the same process. It is available at this link: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://youtu.be/bJ6FIICiu8s?feature=shared">Visual3D Video Tutorial 1: Building a 6 DOF Model</a>.
</p><p>There are 6 basic steps to performing an analysis of motion capture data in Visual3D:
</p>
<ol><li>Create a model of your subject using a standing trial and define the linked segments</li>
<li>Explore your movement trials, and associate them with your model</li>
<li>Perform any signal and event processing required</li>
<li>Define any biomechanical model-based calculations (joint angles, moments, powers, etc.)</li>
<li>Generate the desired reports</li>
<li>If desired, export data for statistical processing</li></ol>
<p>In this tutorial we will:
</p>
<ol><li>Load a standing calibration trial</li>
<li>Define various segments to create a lower-body a gait model.</li></ol>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Key_Concepts">Key Concepts</span></h2>
<p>A <b>calibration file</b> (often referred to as a <b>Standing Trial</b> or a <b>Static Trial</b>) is a short motion capture of the subject in a stationary pose. Marker positions are averaged automatically over all frames to compensate for noise in the data. <b>NOTE:</b> If the subject moved during the standing trial, you can specify a subset of frames using the </html>[[visual3d:documentation:definitions:static_trial|Modify Frame Range For Static Calibration]]<html> command from the <b>Model</b> Menu items.<br>
</p>
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<td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:tutorial1_1.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:tutorial1_1.gif}}<html></a></span>
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<p><b>Anatomical markers</b> or <b>Calibration markers</b> are placed at anatomically relevant locations (e.g. palpable bony landmarks near segment endpoints). <br>
<b>Tracking markers</b> are placed at convenient locations for tracking the segments. Suggested rules for marker placement on rigid clusters is described in the following article: <br>
<b>Cappozzo A, Cappello A, Della Croce U, Pensalfini P</b> (1997) Surface-Marker Cluster Design Criteria for 3-D Bone Movement Reconstruction. <b>IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering</b>, 44 (12), p 1165-1174.
</p>
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<p><br>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Preparing_for_the_Tutorial">Preparing for the Tutorial</span></h2>
<p><br>
1. Ensure that version 3.0 or later of Visual3D has been downloaded and installed. <br>
2. Download the <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://has-motion.com/download/YouTubeTutorial/Visual3D_Tutorial1_SampleC3DFiles.zip">Visual3D Tutorial 1 Sample Data</a>.<br>
3. Save this file in the folder where you plan to save your motion capture files.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>NOTE:</b> The download contains the end result of this tutorial. It may be useful as a secondary resource for verifying your progress. <br>
4. Launch the Visual3D program from the Start menu. <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The program will open to the main workspace. <br>
<br>
Before completing this tutorial please review the </html>[[visual3d:documentation:reports:3dvieweranimationcontrols|3D Viewer Animation Controls.]]<html>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_a_Hybrid_Model">Create a Hybrid Model</span></h2>
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<p>1. From the <b>Model</b> menu, select <b>Create -&gt; Hybrid Model from C3D file.</b>
<br><br>
2. A dialog titled <b>Select the calibration file for the new model</b> will appear;<br>
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>Select <i>Sub01_StandingStaticCal01.c3d</i> Click <b>Open.</b><br></dd></dl></dd></dl>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:tutorial1_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:tutorial1_2.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><br>
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<p>3. Visual3D will switch to Model Building mode automatically. The 3D viewer will display the average value of the marker locations from the standing file. The dialog bar to the left of the screen will contain a list of segments, which by default will contain only a segment representing the Laboratory (e.g. Motion Capture Volume).<br>
<b>Note:</b> Your screen may look slightly different.<br>
</p>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:tutorial1_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:tutorial1_4.jpg}}<html></a></span><br>
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<p><br>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="3D_View_Options">3D View Options</span></h4>
<p>Throughout this tutorial, play with some of the 3D view options to familiarize yourself with these options: 
</p><p>With your mouse, use the </html>[[visual3d:documentation:reports:3dvieweranimationcontrols|3D Viewer Animation Controls.]]<html> to rotate/pan your view of the model.
</p>
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<p><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:TID.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:TID.jpg}}<html></a></span> 
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<p><b>1.</b> Click the <b>View Target ID</b> toggle button on the toolbar until the target names appear.
</p>
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<p><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:ShowBonesButton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:ShowBonesButton.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><b>2.</b> Click the <b>View Segment</b> toggle button  on the toolbar until the pelvis bone disappears (the same effect can be achieved by pressing F5 on your keyboard).
</p>
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<p><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:GeometryToggle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:GeometryToggle.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><b>3.</b> Click the <b>View Segment Geometry</b> toggle button on the toolbar until you toggle off geometric view the pelvis (the same effect can be achieved by pressing F7 on your keyboard).
</p>
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<p><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:SegmentToggle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:SegmentToggle.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><b>4.</b> Click the <b>View Segment Lines</b> toggle button on the toolbar until you toggle off the yellow lines which connect the segment end points.
</p>
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<p><br>
</p>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Creating_the_Pelvis_Segment">Creating the Pelvis Segment</span></h3>
<p>There are many possible markers for a pelvis segment that make sense anatomically, and have a history in the biomechanics community. Visual3D offers 3 default pelvis segments:
</p><p>1) </html>[[visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:visual3d_pelvis|Visual3D Pelvis]]<html> - The default pelvis segment in Visual3D is labeled a Visual3D Pelvis since the pelvis can be constructed as any other segment. Visual3D inherited this definition from MOVE3D (the precursor software to Visual3D) and has been used by the staff in the Physical Disabilities Branch at the NIH for more than 20 years.
</p><p>2) </html>[[visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:coda_pelvis|CODA Pelvis]]<html> - The CODA pelvis defines the location of the Hip Joint Centers using regression equations from the <a href="https://has-motion.com/wiki/doku.php?id=visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:coda_pelvis#hip_joint_landmarks" title="Coda Pelvis">Bell and Brand</a> articles.
</p><p>3) </html>[[visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:helen_hayes_davis_pelvis|Helen Hayes (Davis) Pelvis]]<html> - The Helen Hayes (Davis) pelvis defines the location of the Hip Joint Centers using regression equations from the <a href="https://has-motion.com/wiki/doku.php?id=visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:helen_hayes_davis_pelvis#hip_joint_center" title="Helen Hayes (Davis) Pelvis">Davis</a> article. <br>
<br>
<b>In this tutorial we are presenting the CODA pelvis:</b>
</p>
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<p>1. On the segments tab:
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>1. From the <b>Segment Name</b> box, select <i>Pelvis.</i></dd>
<dd>2. From the <b>Segment Type</b> box, select <i>Coda.</i><br></dd>
<dd>3. Click <b>Create.</b></dd></dl></dd></dl>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:SegmentName_CodaPelvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:SegmentName_CodaPelvis.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><br>
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<p>2. In the <b>Coda Segment Markers</b> dialog box, enter these values:
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>1. Define Calibration targets: <br></dd>
<dd>(Right/Left Anterior and Posterior Iliac Crest Markers)
<dl><dd><b>R.ASIS</b> <i>RIAS</i></dd>
<dd><b>L.ASIS</b> <i>LIAS</i></dd>
<dd><b>R.PSIS</b> <i>RIPS</i></dd>
<dd><b>L.PSIS</b> <i>LIPS</i></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>2. Check <b>Use Calibration Targets for Tracking</b><br></dd>
<dd>3. Close <b>Coda Segment Markers</b> dialog box</dd></dl></dd></dl>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CodaSegmentMarkers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:CodaSegmentMarkers.jpg}}<html></a></span>
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<p><br>
</p>
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<p>3. Click <b>Build Model</b> to build the segment. You should now see a pelvis segment on your standing model. If you do not see the pelvis segment after clicking <b>Build Model</b>, double check the values you entered in the last step.<br>
</p>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedCodaPelvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:CompletedCodaPelvis.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
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<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="View_the_Pelvis_Segment_Coordinate_System">View the Pelvis Segment Coordinate System</span></h3>
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<p>It is often helpful to isolate the segment's coordinate system in order to validate that it is setup correctly. This view can also help you visualize where the center of gravity for a segment is located. Follow the procedure below to isolate the segment's coordinate system by toggling off the other views. When you are done you will be left with the Coordinate System of the Pelvis as represented by a Red Line (x-axis), Green Line (y-axis) and a Blue Line (z-axis).
</p><p><b>Note:</b> Each of the view buttons is a toggle button and will either toggle on or off a particular view.
</p>
<ol><li>Click the <b>Views Segment</b> toggle button <span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:ShowBonesButton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:ShowBonesButton.jpg}}<html></a></span> on the toolbar until the pelvis bone disappears (the same effect can be achieved by pressing F5 on your keyboard).</li>
<li>Click the <b>Views Segment Geometry</b> toggle button <span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:GeometryToggle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:GeometryToggle.jpg}}<html></a></span> on the toolbar until you toggle off geometric view the pelvis (the same effect can be achieved by pressing F7 on your keyboard).<br><b>Note:</b> If you have followed this tutorial exactly this view may already be off.</li>
<li>Click the <b>Views Segment Lines</b> toggle button <span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-sub" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:SegmentToggle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:SegmentToggle.jpg}}<html></a></span> on the toolbar until you toggle off the yellow lines which connect the segment end points.</li></ol>
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<p><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedCodaPelvis_nobones.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caption"></html>{{:CompletedCodaPelvis_nobones.jpg}}<html></a></span><br>
</p>
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<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Segment_Properties"><a href="https://has-motion.com/wiki/doku.php?id=visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:segment_properties" title="Segment Properties">Segment Properties</a></span></h3>
<p>At this point, the Segment Properties for the Pelvis can be modified if you would like. More information about Segment Properties, can be found <a href="https://has-motion.com/wiki/doku.php?id=visual3d:documentation:modeling:segments:segment_properties_example" title="YouTube Tutorial: Model Building: Segment Properties"> here</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="A_little_fun_with_the_Graphics">A little fun with the Graphics</span></h4>
<p>You may skip to this section if you wish.   It is possible to replace the ”bones” with another bone or object file.  As a ridiculous example, you can change the pelvis model to display a skull rather than the pelvis bones.
This example can be found <a href="https://has-motion.com/wiki/doku.php?id=visual3d:tutorials:modeling:fun_with_graphics" title="FunWithGraphics">here</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Save_the_data">Save the data</span></h2>
<p>Save often to prevent loss of files due to power outages or Windows errors. 
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Save_the_Workspace_to_a_.cmz_file">Save the Workspace to a .cmz file</span></h3>
<p>Maintain a series of .cmz files as you work so that you can revert to a previous step.
</p>
<ol><li>From the <b>File</b> menu, click on <b>Save As.</b></li>
<li>In the <i>Save As</i> dialog box label your file <i>MyTutorial1.cmz</i>, navigate to the location of your choice and click <b>Save.</b></li></ol>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Save_the_Model_Template">Save the Model Template</span></h3>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>Save the segment definitions as a model template (mdh) file to allow you to re-create models using the same marker set.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>From the Model menu select <b>Save Model Template.</b></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>In the <b>Save As</b> dialog box label your file <b>Tutorial_ModelTemplate.mdh</b>, navigate to the location of your choice and click <b>Save.</b></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Apply_the_Model_Template">Apply the Model Template</span></h3>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>Now that the model template exists, you can use this template on other data sets.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>From the Model menu select <b>Apply Model Template</b></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>In the dialog box select the appropriate .mdh file.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Define_the_Remaining_Segments">Define the Remaining Segments</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_the_Right_Thigh_Segment">Create the Right Thigh Segment</span></h3>
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<p><b>1. Create Thigh Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
  <li>From the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <b>Right Thigh</b> in the <b>Segment Name</b> drop down list box</li>
  <li>Click <b>Create.</b> A new tab labeled <b>Right Thigh</b> will open.</li>
  <li>In the <b>Right Thigh</b> tab, enter these values:</li>

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>RIGHT_HIP</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>0.5*DISTANCE(RIGHT_HIP,LEFT_HIP)</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>RFLE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>RFME</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>RTH1, RTH2, RTH3, RTH4</i> <br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
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<li>Click <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a thigh will appear.<br><b>Note:</b> If you receive an error message about inertial properties and custom segments, you may have entered an incorrect number for the proximal radius.<br></li>
  <li>Click <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.<br><b>Note:</b> Closing the tab will not affect the model in any way.</li>
</ol>
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<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedRightThigh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:CompletedRightThigh.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
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<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_the_Right_Shank_Segment">Create the Right Shank Segment</span></h3>
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<p><b>1. Create Virtual Knee Joint Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>RIGHT_KNEE</i><br>

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<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>RIGHT_KNEE</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>RFLE</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>RFME</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Offset Using the Following <b>AXIAL</b> Offset: <i>0.5</i><br>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualRightKneeCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualRightKneeCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>2. Create Shank Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <i>Right Shank</i> in the Segment Name box.
</li><li>Click on the <b>Create Segment</b> button.<br>
</li><li>In the <b>Right Shank</b> tab, enter these values:<br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>RIGHT_KNEE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>RTH_DISTAL_RADIUS</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>RFAL</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>RTAM</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>RSHK1</i>, <i>RSHK2</i>, <i>RSHK3</i>, <i>RSHK4</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Click on <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a shank will appear distal to the thigh.
</li><li>Click on <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:YTT_RightShank.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:YTT_RightShank.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><br>
</p>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_Right_Foot_Segment">Create Right Foot Segment</span></h3>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>1. Create Virtual Knee Ankle Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>RIGHT_ANKLE</i><br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>RIGHT_ANKLE</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>RFAL</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>RTAM</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Offset Using the Following <b>AXIAL</b> Offset: <i>0.5</i><br>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualRightAnkleCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualRightAnkleCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>2. Create Virtual Toe Ankle Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>RTOE_FT</i><br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>RTOE_FT</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>RFCC</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>R5MH</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral Object:</b> <i>R1MH</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Project From:</b> <i>RTOE</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li><b>Do NOT Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualRightToeCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualRightToeCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>3. Create Foot Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <i>Right Foot</i> in the Segment Name box.
</li><li>Click on the <b>Create Segment</b> button.<br>
</li><li>In the <b>Right Foot</b> tab, enter these values:<br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>RIGHT_ANKLE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>RSK_DISTAL_RADIUS</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>RTOE_FT</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>0.5*DISTANCE(R1MH,R5MH)</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Extra Target to Define Orientation</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Location:</b> <i>Lateral</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>R5MH</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>R1MH</i>, <i>R5MH</i>, <i>RFCC</i>, <i>RTOE</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Click on <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a foot will appear distal to the shank.
</li><li>Click on <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:YTT_RightFoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:YTT_RightFoot.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_the_Left_Thigh_Segment">Create the Left Thigh Segment</span></h3>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>1. Create Thigh Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <i>Left Thigh</i> in the Segment Name box.
</li><li>Click on the <b>Create Segment</b> button.<br>
</li><li> To <b>Automatically</b> Populate Left Thigh Information:<br>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>Click <b>Guess Properties</b> button<br>
</p><p><b>NOTE:</b>The segment information should auto populate. Make sure to check all values. <br>
The segment definitions are based off the information entered for the right thigh.<br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li><b><i>OR</i></b> <b>Manually</b> Enter Left Thigh Information:<br>

<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p>In the <b>Left Thigh</b> tab, enter these values:<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>LEFT_HIP</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>0.5*DISTANCE(RIGHT_HIP,LEFT_HIP)</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>LFLE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>LFME</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>LTH1, LTH2, LTH3, LTH4</i> <br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Click on <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a thigh will appear.
</li><li>Click on <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedLeftThigh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:CompletedLeftThigh.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_Landmarks_for_Left_Segments">Create Landmarks for Left Segments</span></h3>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>1. Create Virtual Knee Joint Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>LEFT_KNEE</i><br>

<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>LEFT_KNEE</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>LFLE</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>LFME</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Offset Using the Following <b>AXIAL</b> Offset: <i>0.5</i><br>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualLeftKneeCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualLeftKneeCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>2. Create Virtual Knee Ankle Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>LEFT_ANKLE</i><br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>LEFT_ANKLE</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>LFAL</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>LTAM</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Offset Using the Following <b>AXIAL</b> Offset: <i>0.5</i><br>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualLefttAnkleCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualLefttAnkleCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>3. Create Virtual Toe Ankle Center:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>Click <b>Landmarks</b> button
</li><li>Click <b>Add New Landmark</b> button<br>
</li><li>Create Landmark: <i>LTOE_FT</i><br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Landmark Name:</b> <i>LTOE_FT</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Orientation Using:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Starting Point:</b> <i>LFCC</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Ending Point:</b> <i>L5MH</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral Object:</b> <i>L1MH</i><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Project From:</b> <i>LTOE</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li><b>Do NOT Check:</b> <i>Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)</i>
</li><li><b>Check:</b> <i>Calibration Only Landmark</i>
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:VirtualLeftToeCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:VirtualLeftToeCenter.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_the_Left_Shank_Segment">Create the Left Shank Segment</span></h3>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>1. Create Shank Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <i>Left Shank</i> in the Segment Name box.
</li><li>Click on the <b>Create Segment</b> button.<br>
</li><li> To <b>Automatically</b> Populate Left Shank Information:<br>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>Click <b>Guess Properties</b> button<br>
</p><p><b>NOTE:</b>The segment information should auto populate. Make sure to check all values. The segment definitions are based off the information entered for the right thigh.<br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li><b><i>OR</i></b> <b>Manually</b> Enter Left Shank Information:<br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>In the <b>Left Shank</b> tab, enter these values:<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>LEFT_KNEE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>LTH_DISTAL_RADIUS</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>LFAL</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>LTAM</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>LSHK1</i>, <i>LSHK2</i>, <i>LSHK3</i>, <i>LSHK4</i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Click on <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a shank will appear distal to the thigh.
</li><li>Click on <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedLeftShank.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:CompletedLeftShank.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_the_Left_Foot_Segment">Create the Left Foot Segment</span></h3>
<table style="width=&quot;95%&quot;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="left">
<p><b>1. Create Foot Segment:</b>
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <b>Segments</b> tab, select <i>Left Foot</i> in the Segment Name box.
</li><li>Click on the <b>Create Segment</b> button.<br>
</li><li> To <b>Automatically</b> Populate Left Shank Information:<br>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>Click <b>Guess Properties</b> button<br>
</p><p><b>NOTE:</b>The segment information should auto populate. Make sure to check all values. The segment definitions are based off the information entered for the right thigh.<br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li><b><i>OR</i></b> <b>Manually</b> Enter Left Shank Information:<br>

<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>In the <b>Left Foot</b> tab, enter these values:<br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Proximal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>LEFT_ANKLE</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>LSK_DISTAL_RADIUS</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Define Distal Joint and Radius</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Lateral:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Joint:</b> <i>LTOE_FT</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Medial:</b> <i>None</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Radius:</b> <i>0.5*DISTANCE(L1MH,L5MH)</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Extra Target to Define Orientation</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Location:</b> <i>Lateral</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>L5MH</i><br>
</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Select Tracking Targets:</b><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>L1MH, L5MH, LTOE, LFCC </i><br>
</p>
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</li><li>Click on <b>Build Model.</b> A 3D image of a foot will appear distal to the shank.
</li><li>Click on <b>Close Tab</b> before proceeding.
</li></ol></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top" align="right">
<p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:CompletedLeftFoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="caption"></html>{{:CompletedLeftFoot.jpg}}<html></a></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Create_Kinematic_Only_Foot_Segments">Create Kinematic Only Foot Segments</span></h3>
<p>Kinematic Only feet are often created for more clinically relevant ankle joint angles.
</p><p>For more information about kinematic only foot segments, please go </html>[[visual3d:documentation:kinematics_and_kinetics:normalized_joint_angle_-_method_2|here]]<html>.
</p>
<hr>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Completing_the_Model">Completing the Model</span></h3>
<ol><li>When all segments have been defined, click on Build Model.</li>
<li>In the File menu, click on Save to save the file for use in another tutorial.</li>
<li><a href="#Save_the_Model_Template">Save the template</a> as Tutorial_ModelTemplate.mdh.</li></ol>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Verify_the_model_template">Verify the model template</span></h4>
<ol><li>Clear the Visual3D Workspace - Select <b>File New</b></li>
<li>Repeat the initial steps in this tutorial.
<ol><li>Open the movement trial</li>
<li>Create a hybrid model using the standing trial</li>
<li>Assign the movement trial to the model</li>
<li>Apply the model template. <b>You will find this option under the Model Menu Item.</b></li></ol></li></ol>
<hr>
<p>Proceed to next </html>[[visual3d:tutorials:reports:visualizing_data|Tutorial: Visualizing Data]]<html>
</p>

</html>