====== OptiTrack Biomech 57 Marker Set ======

===== Introduction =====

This tutorial explains how to implement OptiTracks Biomech (57) full body marker set<sup>[[#cite_note-OptiTrack-1|[1]]]</sup>. This full body marker set includes the head, torso, upper and lower body, hands and feet.

The naming convention used in this tutorial follows Serge Van Sint Jan's convention<sup>[[#cite_note-Serge-2|[2]]]</sup>.

===== Target Placement =====

{{:biomech57.png}}\\
**LAH/RAH**: Left/Right anterior head\\
**LPH/RPH**: Left/Right posterior head\\
**SJN (IJ)**: Deepest point of incisura jugularis\\
**SXS (PX)**: Xiphoid process, i.e. most caudal point of the sternum\\
**CV7 (C7)**: Spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae\\
**TV2 (T2)**: Second thoracic vertebrae\\
**TV7 (MAI)**: Midpoint between the inferior angles of the most caudal points of the two scapulae\\
**LHGT/RHGT**: Left/Right glenohumeral Joint\\
**LIAS/RIAS (LASIS/RASIS)**: Left/Right anterior superior iliac spine\\
**LIPS/RIPS (LPSIS/RPSIS)**: Left/Right posterior superior iliac spine\\
**LCAJ/RCAJ (LA/RA)**: Left/Right acromion\\
**LHLE/RHLE**: Left/Right humerus lateral epicondyle\\
**LHME/RHME**: Left/Right medial lateral epicondyle\\
**LUA/RUA: Left/Right upper arm\\
** **LHM2/RHM**: Left/Right hand second metatarsal\\
**LUSP/RUSP**: Left/Right ulna styloid process\\
**LRSP/RRSP**: Left/Right radius styloid process\\
**LFTC/RFTC (LGT/RGT)**: Most lateral prominence of the greater trochanter\\
**LFLE/RFLE (LLE/RLE)**: Most lateral prominence of the lateral femoral epicondyle\\
**LFME/RFME (LME/RME)**: Most medial prominence of the medial femoral epicondyle\\
**LTH/FTH**: Left/Right thigh\\
**LSK/RSK**: Left/Right Superior knee\\
**LTTC/RTTC (TT/RTT)**: Most anterior border of the tibial tuberosity\\
**LFAX/RFAX (LHF/RHF)**: Proximal tip of the head of the fibula\\
**LFAL/RFAL (LLM/RLM)**: Lateral prominence of the lateral malleolus\\
**LTAM/RTAM (LMM/RMM)**: Most medial prominence of the medial malleolus\\
**LFM5/RFM5 (LVM/RVM)**: Dorsal margin of the fifth metatarsal head\\
**LFM1/RFM1 (LFM/RFM)**: Dorsal margin of the first metatarsal head\\
**LFM2/RFM2 (LSM/RSM)**: Dorsal aspect of the second metatarsal head\\
**LFCC/RFCC (LCA/RCA)**: Aspect of the achilles tendon insertion on the calcaneous\\
**LDP1/RDP1**: Left/Right distal phalanx\\

===== Segment Definition =====

==== Head Segment ====

=== Head Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-head_prox.png?300}}
**1. Create Head_Front:**\\
 Click **Landmarks** button \\
 Click **Add New Landmark** button\\ Create Landmark: //Head_Front//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //Head_Front//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
     ***Starting Point:** //RAH//\\
     ***Ending Point** //LAH//\\
     *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//\\
  ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

**2. Create HEAD_PROXIMAL:**\\
 Click **Landmarks** button\\
 Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //HEAD_PROXIMAL//\\ 
   ***Landmark Name:** //HEAD_PROXIMAL//\\
   ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Existing Coordinate System:** //Thorax/Ab//\\ 
    *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //1//\\
  ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\
{{ :biomech57-head_dist.png?300}}
**3. Create HEAD_DISTAL:**\\
 Click **Landmarks** button\\
 Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //HEAD_DISTAL//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //HEAD_DISTAL//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Starting Point:** //Thorax_Prox//\\
    ***Ending Point** //Thorax_Dist//\\
    ***Project From** //Head_Front//\\
  ***Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

=== Head Definition ===
**1. Create Head:**\\ 
 In the **Segments** tab, select //Head// in the Segment Name box.\\
 Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
 In the **Head** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**:\\
    ***Lateral:** //None// **Joint:** //HEAD_PROXIMAL// **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RAH,LAH)//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**:\\
    ***Lateral:** //none// **Joint:** //HEAD_DISTAL// **Medial:** //none//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RPH,LPH)//\\
  ***Extra Target to Define Orientation:** //Posterior, Head_Front//\\ 
  ***Select Tracking Targets:** //LAH//, //LPH//, //RAH//, //RPH//\\ 
 Click on **Build Model.**\\
 Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
   ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
   ***Distal to Proximal:** //-Z//\\

==== Thorax Segment ====

=== Thorax Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-thoraxAP.png?300}}{{ :Thorax_Dist.png?300}}
**1. Create Thorax_Dist:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //Thorax_Dist//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //Thorax_Dist//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
     ***Starting Point:** //SXS//\\
     ***Ending Point** //TV7//\\ 
     *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//\\ 
   ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\ 
   ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

**2. Create Thorax_Prox:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //Thorax_Prox//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //Thorax_Prox//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Starting Point:** //SJN//\\
    ***Ending Point** //CV7//\\
    *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//\\
  ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\
{{ :biomech57-thorax.png?300}}{{ :biomech57-thoraxAPnew.png?300}}
**3. Create Thorax_AP:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //Thorax_AP//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //Thorax_AP//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Starting Point:** //SJN//\\
    ***Ending Point** //SXS//\\
    *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //0.5//\\
  ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

=== Thorax Definition ===

**1. Create Thorax/Ab:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Thorax/Ab// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
 In the **Thorax/Ab** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //None// **Joint:** //Thorax_Dist// **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RCAJ,LCAJ)//\\
   ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //none// **Joint:** //Thorax_Prox// **Medial:** //none//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RCAJ,LCAJ)//\\
   ***Extra Target to Define Orientation:** //Posterior, Thorax_AP//\\
   ***Select Tracking Targets:** //CV7//, //SJN//, //SXS//, //TV7//\\
   ***Depth:** //0.5*DISTANCE(CV7,SJN)//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //-Z//\\
==== Upper Arm Segment ====

=== Upper Arm Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-LSJC.png?300}}
**1. Create LSJC Joint Center:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
 Create Landmark: //LSJC//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //LSJC//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
   ***Starting Point:** //LCAJ//\\
   ***Existing Coordinate System:** //Thorax/Ab//\\
   *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //-(LShoulderRadius+MarkerRadius)//\\ 
  ***Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

=== Upper Arm Definition ===
{{ :biomech57-forearm.png?300}}
**1. Create Left Forearm:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Upper Arm// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Upper arm** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //None//  **Joint:** //LSJC//  **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //LShoulderRadius//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LHLE//   **Joint:** //None//   **Medial:** //LHME//\\
  ***Select Tracking Targets:** //LHLE//, //LHME//, //LUA//,\\
  *Click on **Build Model.**\\
  *Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
 ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
 ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Forearm Segment ====

=== Forearm Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-LT_ELBOW.png?300}}
**1. Create LT_ELBOW Joint Center:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
Create Landmark: //LT_ELBOW//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //LT_ELBOW//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Existing Coordinate System:** //Left Upper Arm//\\
    *Offset Using the Following **AXIAL** Offset: //-1.0//\\
   ***Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
   ***Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\

=== Forearm Definition ===
{{ :biomech57-forearm.png?300}}
**1. Create Left Forearm:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Forearm// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Left Forearm** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //None//  **Joint:** //LT_ELBOW//  **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.0548641//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LRSP//   **Joint:** //None//   **Medial:** //LUSP//\\
  ***Select Tracking Targets:**\\  //Use Calibration Targets for Tracking//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Hand Segment ====

=== Hand Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-LHJC.png?275}}{{ :biomech57-LWJC.png?275}}
**1. Create LWJC Joint Center**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
Create Landmark: //LWJC//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //RANK//\\ 
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Starting Point:** //LRSP// **Ending Point:** //LUSP//\\
  *Offset Using the Following ML/AP/AXIAL Offsets:\\
    ***X: 0.0 Y: 0.0 Z: 0.5**\\
**Check:** Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)\\
**Do NOT Check**: Calibration Only Landmark\\

**2. Create LHJC Joint Center**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
Create Landmark: //LHJC//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //RANK//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Starting Point:** //LT_ELBOW//\\
    ***Ending Point:** //LWJC//\\
    ***Project From:** //LHM2//\\
  *Offset Using the Following ML/AP/AXIAL Offsets:\\
    ***X: 0.0 Y: 0.0 Z: 0.0**\\
  ***Do NOT Check:** Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)\\
  ***Check**: Calibration Only Landmark\\
{{ :biomech57-Hand.png?300}}

=== Hand Definition ===
**1. Create Left Hand:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Hand// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Left Hand** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //None//   **Joint:** //LWJC//  **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //LWristRadius//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //none//  **Joint:** //LHJC//  **Medial:** //none//\\
  ***Select Tracking Targets:**\\  //LHM2//, //LRSP//, //LUSP//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Pelvis Segment ====

=== Pelvis Definition ===
{{ :biomech57-pelvis.png?300}}
**1. Create Pelvis Segment:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Pelvis// in the Segment Name box.\\
In **Segment Type**, select //V3D_Composite//\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Pelvis** dialog:\\
  ***Define Calibration Targets**\\
    ***R.ASIS:** //RIAS//  **L.ASIS:** //LIAS//  **R.PSIS:** //RIPS//  **L.PSIS:** //LIPS//\\
  ***Check Use Calibration Targets for Tracking**\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\    
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Thigh Segment ====

=== Thigh Landmarks ===
{{ :biomech57-lefthip.png?300}}
**1. Create LEFT_HIP Joint Center:**\\
Click **Landmarks** button\\
Click **Add New Landmark** button\\
Create Landmark: //LEFT_HIP//\\
  ***Landmark Name:** //LEFT_HIP//\\
  ***Define Orientation Using:**\\
    ***Existing Coordinate System** //Pelvis//\\
    *Landmark Offset from Start Point or Segment Origin\\
     ***ML:** -0.36*ASIS_Distance*RPV_ML_Direction\\
     ***AP:** 0.19*SASIS_Distance*RPV_AP_Direction+0.5*:RPV_Depth - Target_Radius_ASIS\\
     ***AXIAL:** -0.30*ASIS_Distance*RPV_Axial_Direction\\
  ***Do NOT Check:** //Offset by Percent (1.0 = 100%)//\\
  ***Do NOT Check:** //Calibration Only Landmark//\\
{{ :biomech57-thigh.png?300}}

=== Thigh Definition ===
**1. Create Left Thigh:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Thigh// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Left Thigh** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\  **Lateral:** //None//  **Joint:** //LEFT_HIP//  **Medial:** //None//\\
    ***Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(RIGHT_HIP,LEFT_HIP)//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LFLE//  **Joint:** //None//  **Medial:** //LFME//\\
  ***Select Tracking Targets:** //LEFT_HIP//, //LFLE//, //LFME//, //LFTC//, //LTH//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Shank Segment ====

=== Shank Definition ===
{{ :biomech57-shank.png?300}}
**1. Create Left Shank:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Left Shank** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LFLE//  **Joint:** //none//  **Medial:** //LFME//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LFAL//  **Joint:** //None//  **Medial:** //LTAM// \\
  ***Select Tracking Targets:** //LFAL//, //LFAX//, //LTAM//, //LTTC//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
   ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
   ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

==== Foot Segment ====

=== Foot Definition ===

**1. Create Left Foot:**\\
In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Foot// in the Segment Name box.\\
Click on the **Create Segment** button.\\
In the **Left Foot** tab, enter these values:\\
  ***Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LFAL//  **Joint:** //none//  **Medial:** //LTAM//\\
  ***Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\
    ***Lateral:** //LFM5//  **Joint:** //None//  **Medial:** //LFM1//\\  
  ***Select Tracking Targets:** //LDP1//, //LFCC//, //LFM1//, //LFM2//, //LFM5//\\
Click on **Build Model.**\\
Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.\\ 

**2. Modify the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System#Modify_Segment_Coordinate_System|Segment Coordinate System]]:**\\
Define the Segment Orientation as:\\
  ***A/P Axis:** //+Y//\\
  ***Distal to Proximal:** //+Z//\\

===== References =====

  - [[#cite_ref-OptiTrack_1-0|↑]]  OptiTrack Biomech(57) https://docs.optitrack.com/movement-sciences/movement-sciences-markersets/biomech-57
  - [[#cite_ref-Serge_2-0|↑]] Serge van Sint Jan "Color Atlas of Skeletal Landmark Definitions: Guidelines for Reproducible Manual and Virtual Palpations" 2007 - Churchill Livingstone