====== Segment Volume ======

Visual3D models segments as cones, cylinders, spheres, and ellipsoids. Visual3D doesn't compute the volume of a segment based on these geometries, but the calculations are straightforward.

===== Volume of Conical Frustrum =====

One of the Visual3D segment geometries is labeled a **Cone.** To be precise the **Cone** refers to a **conical frustrum.** A **frustra of right cones** is created by cutting the top off of a cone such that the cut is parallel to the base of the cone.

{{:frustraOfRightCones1.gif}}

A frustra of right cones is created by cutting the top off of a cone such that the cut is parallel to the base of the cone.

The volume of a conical frustrum is:

{{:Volume_Frustrum.jpg}}
This value is not computed by default, but can be added as a Model Metric Item.

{{:Volume_Frustrum_Metric.png}}
===== Volume of Ellipsoid =====

In Visual3D the inertial properties of an ellipsoid (sphere) are calculated using only the distal radius.

{{:sphere.gif}}
The distance from the proximal end of the segment to the center of mass of the segment.

**CG_from_proximal_end = L**

{{:Volume_Ellipsoid.jpg}}
===== Volume of Elliptical Cylinder =====

{{:Cylinder.gif}}
Visual3D uses the Radius at the distal end of the segment as the Radius of the cylinder.

{{:Volume_Cylinder.jpg}}