Visual3D Model for the 3DSSPP Market Set

This marker set provides insufficient data to build 6 degree of freedom segments in Visual3D, and also provides insufficient data to adequately define 3 dimensional arm movements without adding constraints. It provides, however, more than sufficient information for a 3DSSPP model.

The subject may be facing in any direction, so it is recommended that a Virtual Laboratory be defined to accommodate this.

Many landmarks must be created to give this marker set 3D anatomical meaning. The model template is defined as follows:

Anatomical Measurements

There are several anatomical dimensions that should be measured. This marker set isn't particularly useful for 3D biomechanics but the inclusion of these dimensions makes the model moderately better. The default values will still create an animation of the movement that is representative visually. The default values are listed.

Shoulder Radius (measured AP) = 0.04 Elbow Radius (measured ML) = 0.04 Wrist Radius (measured AP) = 0.04 Knee Radius (measured ML) = 0.06 Ankle Radius (measured ML) = 0.06 Foot Radius (half the distance between first and fifth metatarsal) = 0.07

Laboratory Landmarks (NOT Calibration Only)

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	Offset X	Offset Y	Offset Z
Lab_Origin		LAB	0	0	0
Lab_X		LAB	0.1	0	0
LAB_Y		LAB	0	0.1	0
LAB_Z		LAB	0	0	0.1
		LAB

Virtual Laboratory Segment

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
	Lab_Z		0.01
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
	Lab_Origin		0.01
Location	Lateral	Lab_X
Tracking Targets
Lab_Origin	Lab_X	Lab_Y	Lab_Z

Static Landmarks (Calibration Only)

Name	Starting Point	Ending Point	Lateral Object	Offset ML	Offset AP	Offset Axial
Right_Hip_Static	RHIP	LHIP				0.25 by Percent
Left_Hip_Static	LHIP	RHIP				0.25 by Percent
R_Shoulder_Static	RSHO	LSHO				Shoulder_Radius
L_Shoulder_Static	LSHO	RSHO				Shoulder_Radius
R_Elbow_Static	RELB	RSHO	LSHO	-Elbow_Radius
L_Elbow_Static	LEBL	LSHO	RSHO	-Elbow_Radius

Pelvis, Trunk and Head Segment (RTK)

The Pelvis, Trunk and Head are represented as one segment. This is perhaps the biggest limitation of creating a 3D biomechanical model using the 3DSSPP marker set. Note that the 3DSSPP model isn't really meant for biomechanics of an individual segment, so this model is simply a visual representation of the movement.

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
RHIP		LHIP
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
RSHO		LSHO
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
L4	LHIP	RHIP	Neck
ROFF

Four tracking landmarks are created relative to the Pelvis, Trunk and Head Segment

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	Offset to Existing Calibration Target or Landmark
Right_Hip		RTK	Right_Hip_Static
Left_Hip		RTK	Left_Hip_Static
R_Shoulder		RTK	R_Shoulder_Static
L_Shoulder		RTK	L_Shoulder_Static

Right Thigh (RTH)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
RHIP	Right_Hip
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
RKNE			Knee_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
RHIP	Right_Hip	RKNE

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Right Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Right_Knee		RTH	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Left Thigh (LTH)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
LHIP	Left_Hip
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
LKNE			Knee_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
LHIP	Left_Hip	LKNE

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Left Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Left_Knee		LTH	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Right Shank (RSK)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
RKNE	Right_Knee
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
RANK			Ankle_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
RKNE	Right_Knee	RANK

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Right Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Right_Ankle		RSK	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Left Shank (LSK)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
LKNE	Left_Knee
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
LANK			Ankle_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
LKNE	Left_Knee	LANK

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Left Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Left_Ankle		LSK	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Right Foot (RFT)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
RANK	Right_Ankle
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
RFOO			Foot_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
RANK	Right_Ankle	RFOO

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Right Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Right_Ankle		RSK	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Left Foot (LFT)

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
LANK	Left_Ankle
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
LFOO			Foot_Radius
Location	Lateral
Tracking Targets
LANK	'Left_Ankle	LFOO

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Left Thigh

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Left_Ankle		LSK	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Right Arm (RAR)

if the elbows are flexed during the standing trial, we can use the plane defined by the shoulder, elbow, and wrist markers to determine the calibration_only elbow joint center

Name	Starting Point	Ending Point	Lateral Object	Offset ML	Offset AP	Offset Axial
R_Elbow_Static	RELB	RSHO	RHAN	0	Elbow_Radius	0

The Right Arm segment includes the Right Hand.

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
	R_Shoulder_Static		Shoulder_Radius
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
	R_Elbow_Static		Elbow_Radius
Location	Anterior	RHAN
Tracking Targets
R_Shoulder	'RSHO	RELB

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Right Arm

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Right_Elbow		RAR	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Left Arm (LAR)

if the elbows are flexed during the standing trial, we can use the plane defined by the shoulder, elbow, and wrist markers to determine the calibration_only elbow joint center

Name	Starting Point	Ending Point	Lateral Object	Offset ML	Offset AP	Offset Axial
L_Elbow_Static	LELB	LSHO	LHAN	0	-Elbow_Radius	0

The Right Arm segment.

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
	L_Shoulder_Static		Shoulder_Radius
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
	L_Elbow_Static		Elbow_Radius
Location	Anterior	LHAN
Tracking Targets
L_Shoulder	LSHO	LELB

one tracking landmark is created relative to the Left Arm

Name	Starting Point	Existing Segment	ML Offset	AP_Offset	Axial_Offset
Left_Elbow		LAR	0	0	-1.0 as percent

Right Forearm (RFA)

The Right Forearm segment includes the Right Hand.

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
	Right_Elbow		Elbow_Radius
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
	RHAN		Wrist_Radius
Location	Posterior	RELB
Tracking Targets
Right_Elbow	RELB	RHAN

Left Forearm (LFA)

The Left Forearm segment includes the Left Hand.

Proximal Lateral	Proximal Joint	Proximal Medial	Proximal Radius
	Left_Elbow		Elbow_Radius
Distal Lateral	Distal Joint	Distal Medial	Distal Radius
	LHAN		Wrist_Radius
Location	Posterior	LELB
Tracking Targets
Left_Elbow	LELB	LHAN